1).
濡 ϰ뿡 Ͽ.
ϰ 氡 Ǹ ھƳ ִ ǥ Ư 迡 Ͽ ִ οϰ Ѵ. ̴ տ ǵǰ Ǿ 뿡 ؼ غϰ ϰ1)뿬 Ͽ õϷ ̱ ϴ. ̷ ϰ뿡 Ư ִ ž ǥǰ ۾ ߽ ϰ ǹ̸ ִ. Ұ ʱ Կ 2) ϴ¹ ϳ ߾ξ 츮 ˱⸦ ٶ3) ϰ տ ־ »糪 ̶ ظ ȣͰ Ͻô ο ϸ ϰ ư Ѵ. .
ǹ Ѵ. ù° ž ݺǴ ϰ â 1ܿ ߾ ִٴ ̴. ̷ ϰ ϰ ãƾ Ѵٴ ̴. ° Ÿ ȣ Ư ߿伺̴. ȣ 簡 ߿ ã ̴. 7000̳ õǰ ִ ȣ ̸ ݺ پ缺 Ƹר Ͽם ߽ ˾ƺ ̴. ȣͰ Ͻô Ͽ ٴ ž ڴ ̴. ° ܿ 꿤ٱ ϴ ȶ ϰ칰 ǹ̸ Ȯ̴. ġ ٷ ϰ칰 ϴ ȴ. ° ݱ ǹ̸ ƴ϶ Ǵ ϻ ۾ ε м ٴ ̴. ټ° ϰ ̳ ϴ Ͽ μ ǹ̰ ƴ϶ μ ־ ̴ ù° ϰ° ̾ 强 з ǥϴ ִٴ μ ϰ뿡 ̸ ϰ ȴ.
2)
ȣͿ ϰ뿡 濡 ȣ پ ϳ ŷ ǹ̷ Ƶ鿩 Ͽ E.W Ű ִ4). ״ ԸƮ ̶ ̰ ڿ ϳ ȹ ϰ ִ. ״ 7 ߿ϴ ٴ å ߿ å 濡 ȣ ü ˾Ƴ Ͽ. ϳ 翪 Ÿ ȹ ϳ Ÿ ȹ ڰ Ÿ ִ ǹ̸ Ͽ ó ִ. ̷ ڷḦ ϴ ߿ DZ ϴ. ϳκ Ž ž ϰ ־ ȣ ̸ 7000 ؼ ϰ ʰ ְ ƴϾ ϰ ϴ ȣ 濡 ؼ ʿ伺 ְ ִ.
ϰд 69 ø οϰ ž ⼺ ϰ ִ. " ɿ Ͽ ֶ ĪϿ ϵ" ߾ӿ δ. ̴ д µ 絵 1:16 ̴ " 41" " Źϻ ڵ ٸ ̸ Ͻ Ͽ ϵ" ġѴ. Ʒ 絵 2:25 " ε տ ָ ƾ̿ 䵿ġ ʰ ϱ Ͽ װ õ" ġϰ ִ. ϾƷ 絵 4:25ִ 2 ְ ϰд ȭϰִ. ݸ θ 4:6ִ
32 " ϳԲ Ƿ ູ Ͽ ѹ" ġѴ. ߾ӿ θ 11 9 ִ 69 " ε ù ġ Ͱ ǰ Ͽɽð" ġϰ ϾƷ 긮 4:7 ִ 95 " Ŀ ۿ ٽ Ͽ ó̶ ̸ ̰ Ϸ" ϰд븦 ϴ ã ְ ϰ ο뱸 ߾ӿ ϳ дó 迭Ǿ. 絵 3, 1, ż 3Ȥ дó ġϿ ϰ ϼ 69 ž ο ϰ Ҵ. ̷ ϰ뿡 ð ųȭŰ Űü Ȱȴ. ̷ ġ ű ϰд밡 ȴ. ư ϰ 輺 پ » پ Ѽ 5) ־. ڿȣ ߿ġ6) 38~39 ߽ `ȣ ' Ȱ, ȣͰ ϴ ȣ Ī ̸ ߿伺 νŰ ִ. ״ , ȣͿ ǥ⸦ ϴ " ߿" ȣ ߽ ȴ. ȣ߽ ٸƴ ߿ ν ϳԿ ù μ ϳ ϰ ִ.
ϰ ʿμ » ϰ칰 µ ̿ ⺻ ƿ ̾ » ִ. â 47忡 ĥ ִ ̰ ִ. ȣ ν ù° ƴ ƿ ƺ ̾ ȣ ã ϰ ° ȴ. ǥ » ٿ Richard Simon Histoire critique du Vieux Testament(1678) » 7) 缺 ۼ ռٴ ̾߱ⱸμ ü Ȯϰ ȴ. ۼ Ų Julius wellhausen(1844-1918) Ӱ Simon ζ ǰ ڷ ڷ(J, ŽE, θP)м Wellhausen ̽ 簡 ۵ , ȫظ dzʴ ι Ȯ Ͽ õ ְ Ѵ. Ʈ ϴ ñ » 缺 ϳ Ͻɿ ü ȴ. ô ߿ Wellhausen ô 밡 Hermann Gunkel(1862-1932) Ǵµ ĺ(Gattungskritik) ô (Alt, von Rad ǥϴ)ĭ(Engnel, Pedersen ǥϴ), W,F, Albright Wellhausen ϰ ٷ Ͽ ٵ ʱ ̽ 뿡 ģ ϰ ٷ Ͽٴ Լ Gunkel . Gunkel ڷṮ ġ Wellhausen ̽ ܰ踦 ϴµ Ͽٰ ұ ̴. Gunkel ô ־ â ô̰ 鼺 ⺻ ü Ư ĵμ ǥǾٰ Ҵ. Ʈ ܰ踦 м, a) P 븦 ̷ ǰ̸ JE( ) , ܰ迡 켱 P ְ, ڷ P ִ Ǿ. b) ʱ ܰ迡 J ٺ ȭ , ڷ 켱 J ־ ŽE J ϴ Ǿ. Կ ұϰ ŷڼ ϰ ִ.
Ʈ км ŽE (Grundlage:G) ϸ ϰ ִµ ְ J ŽE , Ʈ ô ڷμ Ͽ Դٰ Ҵٴ ̴. â δ · Ͽ 깮ü ؼ ̶ Ͼ Gunkel ߰ߵȴ. м Albright ĵ ȣϰ ȴ. Ư ü 8) J E Ŀ ִ ̴. Ʈ ڷ » ⺻ G , ƺ ̾߱(â 22:1~14) ŽE ߰, Ƿ ƺ õ 湮 ̾߱(â 18:1~15) ߰ߵ G ʴ´ٰ Ѵ. Ʈ 簡μ 1930 ̽ 12 ü衻 ڷμ ô ̽ յ Ƽ(amphictyonie) μ ߴٴ ̴. Gunkel 鼺 ü迡 ֵ ߰ϴ ̸ Wellhausen ǰ ߿ 鼺 ӿ ǥ Ȳ â θ , Wellhausen " 迡 Ͽ" ȣ Herher Ͽ. İ Ư ǥ Ǿ ϴ° Ѿ Ѵٰ Ͽ. ̷ ĺ ڸ , ̽ п ̷° Ͽ Ѵٰ Ͽ.
Gunkel , ΰ ٽ Ͽ . Ģ, Ǵ Ŀ Ŵ ü ̷ Ư Ȳ ص ִٰ ̴. Johann gottfried herder(1744~1803) 翡 ΰ ü ν, 帣 dzϰ پϰ ǥ, Vom Geist der Ebraischen poesie(1782-1783) Ͽ ̿ ȥ ڸ ϴ ձ ɿԿ ִٴ , , , ڿ ΰ ϰ ִ. Gunkel ʱ ̸ Ͽ 긮ù Herder å а ٽ , Ǽ̸, ̷ ħ Ұ 츮 ش ΰ̾ Ѵ Ͽ. Ʈ Gunkel ϴ ༺ ü ȿ Ϸ õϴ Wellhausen ȹ ο ȸϿ ̽ ü ü迡 Ư ľϷѴ. п ο ϴ » » ̾߱ 帣 Եǰ ̿ ϰ ȴ. ʿҰ Ͽ ̽ 鼺 ̲ ̾߱ ֿ . Ư ̽ Ѿ ̽ η ̶ Ŀٶ ϳ ӻ ҿ ٽ ȣͰ ϰ ְ ȴ.
3)
ϸ鼭 ֽ ִ ȣͰ ϰ ȿ ַ ߽ Կ پ õ ִ. 켱 к"Literary critcism" Ǵµ ѱǿ `' ˷ ִ. к ȳ Ǹ 9) "Literary critcism" 籸 (), ǵ Ž(), к ϴ ϳ ǰ Ϸ õ ϰ ִ. ι ȳ10) п 蹮, , 빮 , ǰ ڴ ̴.
м ñؼ (ڸ) ΰ ǰ ε "ȭ Ϸ, ü ߿ Ϻκ" ãƳ ȴ. м ϴ ǰ ΰ Ͻϴ Ǽ Ƹٿ ã´. ֱ , , 90 и ǰ ִ. 轼11) к " ϰ ¾ ϸ ȣͰ Ͼ 鼺 ο ִ " ϴ ̴. 踦 к к ̷ ̴. ״ ش ġħ Ǵ ȸ 濡 Ž ǰ к ź 缺 ϴ ش ġħ ϰ "뷡, ̾߱, " 踦 , , , ¡ ȭ Ƹٿ ȭ߸ Ű ΰ ȭ ǰ ִٴ ִ ״ Ƶδٴ ̴. ˶ "а (Of Methods and Models)" ο ٴ ڷῡ õμ ü谡 ߿ϴٰ Ͽ. "-"(redaction-histor model)" и(literary model) Ų ̻ ϴ Ѵ. к ɹ ִ ŭ ο μ к й ûϰ ִ.
(, diachronic)̸ к (, synchronic)ε - , ĺ, º, - - , 縦 վ , -= =к- 缺 ʰ ִ ״ ϳ ü -к ڷ ̳ ƴ϶ ־ ϴ ̴. к ߿ ܾ, ãƳ , ȭ ൿ ̳ , , Ƽ , ¡ , Ư¡ ΰ, Ͻõ , ã´. 12) 濡 ϳ ̾߱ ȭ 缺 ľϴ ƴ϶ ̾߱⸦ а ° ľϴ ̶ Ͽ. ι ľ, ϳ мμ 13) м ȭ ϱ Ѵ.
þ ġ ̿, ؽƮ Ӱ ̶ . 游 ִ Ư ݺ ȣ , ⺻ ȣʹ ű〮〮〮 մ Űü μ ϰ ã ִ. ϰ ݺǸ ϴ ǹľǿ ִ. 浿 ȣͰ ϼ̴ ü ð ȴ. ÿ ̷ Ư¡ 尣 ⼺ Ͽ ư ž ̾ ϳ ߰ϰ ȴ
̷ 鿡 ڴ Ư ȣͿ ϰ뿡 Ͽ Ͽ ⺻ Ȳ ãƳ Ѵ. ϰ Ķ ϴ ſ ̹ ϴ 14) ؼ ؽƮ ӿ Ÿ Ư Ȳ Ȳ 15) ̴. 缺 ϴ ƴ϶ Ⱦ 輺 ȣ ٺ , ȴ. ݺ뿡 16) ̷ ϸ鼭 켱 ھƿ ڰ ǰ п ο Ȳ ʿ ڿ ϸ鼭 ٶ д. ܼ ุ ž ϴ ڰ ۴ ּ ϰ ʿ ȣͿ Ͽ ģ ʸ ƴ ̴17).
켱 к » ̸ 켱 ϳ ؽƮ ƾ ϴ κа ü 迡 Ͽ ⺻ 긮 ߽ ȣ ݺ ٺ 7000̶ ϴ ٺ Ծ ϰ뿡 ϴ ΰ ΰ ǥϴ ġöμ ⺻Ȳ ̴. ΰ ϻ ʿ ߽ Ϲ мμ ݺ뿬 ϴ õǵ ̴. ؽƮ ʿ ڿ ȯ Բ 췯 п ϳԲ ڱ⸦ Ͽ ϽŴ. Ƿ ϰ ǹ̵ ʹ ħ ̸ м ǹ Ȯ ϳԲ ϰ ϴ Ƶ 繰 Ͽ ȮǼ ִ ϳ ̴. ȿ ߿伺 ù ǥǴ ϰ ̾ 輺 ̴. ̿ ϰ ܼ üμ ϰ й谡 ƴ϶ ù° ϰ Ͽ ư ȭμ ܰ踦 ̾ Żٲ ϰ뿡 ִ ̴.
̷ 켱 ù â 1忡 ϰ° ư ϳ μ̸ ϰ ü ⼺ ִ οϰ Ѵ. ̷ ϰ ļ ϰ Ȯ ؼ ƴ϶ ̰ ϳ ܾô ϰ뿡 ȴ. Ƿ ϰ Ͽ ̸ Ƹٿ Ͽ ִ ̰ Ѵ. ؼ Ͽ õϷ ̱ Ѵ. ϰ ݺǴ ߿伺 7 70, 700, 7000 Ŀٶ ȣ 7000ٺ ϰ뿡 7X10X10X10̶ ϴ ο ڿ ǹϰ ȴ. ܹ Ͼ ƴ϶ 缺 Ͽ ư ̴. Ǹ 츮 ϳԲ 츮 ȳ ǥDZ ̴. ž ʿ ϸ ž 輺 Ѱ÷ ϰִ ϰ ش. ϳ ſ ٰϰ ϴ ʿ ڿ 췯 ϳ ʱ ̸ ϳԲ ڱ⸦ Ͻ õ κ Ȱ ȿ 츮 ŷڿ 츮 츮 ̷ ñ ִ ּ ϰ Կ ִ. ڷκ ȰϽ 18) ÿ 缺 ߿Ͽ ϳ 帶 ȣ 7,000 ̸ ɿ ༺ ϰ ž ϰ ϰ ִ м Ѵ.
3)̽ ϼ
̽ ϼ ô뿡 ־ ̽ ִ. װ ̽ ô ٸ 缺 ұϰ ̽ Ȱ ִٴ ̴. ȣͿ 鿡 , ֱκ ε, ó̿ , ߿ ε, ۿ ˸´ ε ô ̾߱Ⱑ ȴ. Ʈ ̽ 缺 ٺ ϳ 鼺 ̸̾߱ gerhard von Rad Das formgeschichtiche problem des Hexateuch(1938) " "19) Ʒ Rad Ѽ ִ. Ʈ Ʈ ̿ ұϰ к ĺ » Ž ϰ ̾߱ ߿ κ ̹ ô뿡 Ǿ ϰ ̾߱ ó ̽ ǿ Ǿ Ǿ ɸ ڿ ִ ڷ ִٴ ̴. ϸ ֱ ֱ ü ϹǷ ̽鼺 ϴ ǵ鿡 ٺ . ֱ Mose und sine Zeit(1913) Hugo Gressmann õ, ȭ ƼٵǴ δ ̾߱⺸ٴ ̽ žӰ 迡 ߿Ѵ. ұϰ Gunkel̳ Gressmann ϱ ϴµ ϻ ڷ ΰü ̶ ϰ ̿ 켱 ̾߱Ұ ϳԿ ֵǰ , õǾ ϻ Ȱ ٸ ϰ ִ. ̷ Ͽ к źϴ ༺ ƾȿ ַ ۾Ѵ. ĺм ظ ϱ 翡 ü ʱ ̽ 鼺 д. ʱ ̰ ù° ̸ ߰ ٷ(â 28:10~19) , ̻ õ δ(â: 24) 켱 . ° ̸ ҿ (: , , 꿤, -)Ǿ Ư ҿ ߰, ̾߱ ̾߱ ü ߿ . ° ̸ ̰ų ̶ ̴. װ õ 丣 ߰ ٷ ڷ »δ 丣 ߰ 纸 ϳ̶ ǰ 켱 Ѵ. ° ̸ 찡 ְ ̵ ̽ 鼺 ̶ 鼺 뺯 ϵ ̾߱Ⱑ Ĵ뿡 ԵǾ ̶ . 꿡 Ļ縦 ϴ( 24:1~2:9~11)âε ̸ Ǵ 鼺 ǥڵ̾ٴ ̶ ̴. ټ° ̸ Ŀ ְ ̾߱ ϰ Ƣ´ٰ Ͽ. ̻ ƺԺ ٰ .
Gunkel 濡 ü а Ȯ ߰̾߱Ⱑ ٵ ұĢϰ ٵ ̾߱⺸ Ĵ뿡 ԵǾ ̶ ְ ִ. ° ´ܶ ̾ δ- Ĵ ̶ Gunkel ؿ Ʈ ǰ ϰ ִ. ܷ ̾ , ֵ ϴ ( 丣 , ), ֱ ϴ ̾߱ ´ܶ Ҵ.
» ڵ ߰ ٺ Ļ ǰ, ȭ ʿ Ķ ۰ ܶ 鼭 ȭ ϻ 뺸ٴ ߿Ѵ. ̽ âڷμ 5忡 ϵǰ ְ ̻ ̾߱ ƹ-Ƶ(ƺ)-̻ ̾ ȴ. ٷ ִٴ ڷ̴. ̻ ƺ Ƶ Ĵ ̶ Ʈ ش ̻ Ͼ Ĵ ƺ 뼳 6 Ȳ Ͼ ̶ . ̷ ٰŰ ٿ Ʈ ظ ʷ ִ ƴ϶ ĵ ô ڵ ĵ鿡 ̰ ڸ Ϸ ϴµ Ʈ Gunkel ְ ȴ. Ʈ п ־ 6 ϸ ߿ , ʱ ô뿡 , Ÿ ϴ ȭ ߿Ѵ.
4)žӰ
Alt, Noth, von Rad Ʒ ִ ڵ Ͽ ̴. Ͽ » ϴ ڵ ¿ Ȯϰ Ѹ ִٰ . װ 濬 õǴ ̶ ϴ ʱ ̽ ĺ м Ű ž ̴. ̿ Ʈ ž ŷڼ Ѿ Ǿ. ټ ŷҸ ǵ , ʸ ƴ϶ ĵ 帮 ߿ ž Ͽ Ⱓ ̽ ̴. ̽ 12 ȿ Ͽ žӰ鿡 յ οϰ ȭŴθ̾Ͼ ڱ ž Ͽ Ȯ. ̽ ٸ 鼺̾ Ͻô ϳ ȣͿ ´ ̴. ڵ ȭ Ͽ°( 34:10~12) ȣͿ ´ ɾҴ ų ϵǾ ̶ ̴. Ʈ м μ ı ݴϰ ִ. ۼ ״ ȴ.
. ϰ
1. ⺻
1).⺻ ϰ
(1) ⺻ ϰ
⺻ ݺǴ ȣ ̸ ȴ. ̴ ȣʹ Ǵ ̸ ѷ ݺǸ ǹ̰ ȴ. Ư ̷ ⺻ ȣ Ī ǹ ȣμ ƴ϶ а õǾ а ŷ ȴ.
39ǿ â⸦ ù° ° ° ° ټ° ° ϰ° ̾鼭 ϰ뿡 Ͻÿ ϰ뿡 ġ Ѵ.
̷ ϰ ݺ ֿ ϼ ϰ ֿ ֱ ϰ 20) Ȯεǰ ٽ ϼ ϰ Ͽ 鿡 ϶21)) ȣ ̾Ͼ ϰ ǹ̴ ȭͲ Ͽ Ͻ ϰ ִ. ĥĿ ȫ 22) ĥ ϰ Ŀ õǾ ٽ ĥ Ŀ ȫ ̰23) 724) ְ ƶ꿡 ӹ 7 ̾. ̿ ϰ ȣͰ Ͻô ̸ ٽ ĥ ٷ ѱ⸦ 鿡 25)ѱⰡ Կ ƿ ٽ ĥ ٷ ٽ ѱ⸦ ֿ 26) Ϸ ȣͰ 120⵿ Żٲ ư ִ ȣͿ ġ ȴ.
ÿ ϰ ƺ ױ⸦ η ȣͲ " ̴ ڴ ĥ質 "27) Ͻþ ȣͲκ ȴ. Ŀ 翤 Ƶ Ƴ鿡 " Ͽ ĥ Ͽ ĥĥ̸δ"28) δ. ̷ Ȳ ϰ ȽϿ ϴ ϶ "ĥ Ƚ Ͽ ĥϿ 鼺 ŵη ٰ ϴ϶29) ϰ Ͽ ϴ ϰ° ͼ ȣ Ȯϰ Ǵ ȴ.
(2) ϰ õ ĥõ ȣ ̸
ȣהה ̸ ĥõ ݺȴ. 켱 â ȣ Ī ϵ .
â
2:4(1), 5(2), 7(3), 8(4), 9(5), 15(6), 16(7), 18(8), 19(9), 21(10), 22(11);(11)
3:1(12), 8(13), 8(14), 9(15), 13(16), 14(17), 21(18), 22(19), 23(20); (9*20)
4:1(21), 3(22), 4(23), 6(24), 9(25), 13(26), 15(27), 15(28), 16(29), 26(30);(10*30)
5:29(31);(1*31)
6:3(32), 5(33), 6(34), 7(35), 8(36);(5*36)
7:1(37), 5(38), 16(39);(3*39)
8:20(40), 21(41), 21(42);(3*42)
9:26;(1(43*43))
10:9(44), 9;(45)(1*45);
11:5(46), 6(47), 8(48), 9(49), 9(50);(5*50)
12:1(51), 4(52), 7(53), 7(54), 8(55), 8(56), 17(57);(7*57)
13:4(58), 10(59), 10(60), 13(61), 14(62), 18(63); (6*63)
14:22;(1(64))
15:1(65), 2(66), 4(67), 6(68), 7(69), 8(70), 18(71);(7*71)
16:2(72), 5(73), 7(74), 9(75), 10(76), 11(77), 11(78), 13(79); (8*79)
17:1(80); (1*80)
18:1(81), 13(82), 14(83), 17(84), 19(85), 19(86), 20(87), 22(88), 26(89), 33(90); (10*90)
19:13(91), 13(92), 14(93), 16(94), 24(95), 24(96), 27(97); (7*97)
20:18(98); (1*98)
21:1(99), 1(100), 33(101); (3*101)
22:11(102), 14(103), 14(104), 15(105), 16(106);(5*106)
24:1(107), 3(108), 7(109), 12(110), 21(111), 26(112), 27(113), 27(114), 31(115), 35(116), 40(117), 42(118), 44(119), 48(120), 48(121), 50(122), 51(123), 52(124), 56(125);(19*125)
25:21(126), 21(127), 22(128), 23(129); (4*129)
26:2(130), 12(131), 22(132), 24(133), 25(134), 28(135), 29(136);(7*136)
27:7(137), 20(138), 27(139); (3*139)
28:13(140), 13(141), 16(142), 21(143);(4*143)
29:31(144), 32(145), 33(146), 35(147); (4*147)
30:24(148), 27(149), 30(150); (3*150)
31:3(151), 49(152);(2*152)
32:10(153); (1*153)
38:7(154), 7(155), 10(156);(3*156)
39:2(157), 3(158), 3(159), 5(160), 5(161), 21(162), 23(163), 23(164);(8*164)
49:18(165);(1*165)=165ȸ(Īȸ)
ֱ
3: 2(1, 166), 4(2